Pasinei nokuti simbi yakasvibirira inogadzirwa sei muchubhu kana pombi, maitiro ekugadzira anosiya huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasara pamusoro.Kugadzira uye kupinza paguyo, kudhirowa patafura yekudhirowa, kana kushandisa piler kana extruder inoteverwa nekucheka-kusvika-kureba maitiro kunogona kuita kuti pombi kana nzvimbo yepombi ivharwe negirizi uye inogona kuvharwa nemarara.Kusvibiswa kwakajairika kunoda kubviswa kubva mukati nekunze kwekunze kunosanganisira mafuta- uye mvura-based lubricant kubva pakudhirowa nekucheka, marara esimbi kubva kumabasa ekucheka, uye guruva refekitori nemarara.
Nzira dzakajairwa dzekuchenesa pombi dzemukati uye madhiri emhepo, angave ane aqueous solutions kana zvinonyungudutsa, akafanana neanoshandiswa kuchenesa nzvimbo dzekunze.Izvi zvinosanganisira flushing, plugging uye ultrasonic cavitation.Nzira dzose idzi dzinoshanda uye dzakashandiswa kwemakumi emakore.
Ehe, maitiro ese ane zvaasingakwanisi, uye nzira dzekuchenesa idzi hazvisi izvo.Kutsvaira kazhinji kunoda manyorerwo akapetwa uye kunorasikirwa nekushanda kwayo sezvo kumhanya kwemvura inoyerera kunodzikira sezvo mvura inosvika papombi (boundary layer effect) (ona Mufananidzo 1).Kurongedza kunoshanda nemazvo, asi kunoshanda zvakanyanya uye hakushande kumadhayamita madiki akadai seaya anoshandiswa mukurapa (subcutaneous kana luminal chubhu).Ultrasonic simba rinoshanda pakuchenesa kunze kwekunze, asi haigoni kupinda munzvimbo dzakaoma uye ine dambudziko kusvika mukati mepombi, kunyanya kana chigadzirwa chacho chakabatanidzwa.Chimwe chinokanganisa ndechekuti simba re ultrasonic rinogona kukonzera kukanganisa pamusoro.Mabhubhu anonzwika anocheneswa necavitation, achiburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesimba pedyo nepamusoro.
Imwe nzira kune aya maitiro ndeye vacuum cyclic nucleation (VCN), iyo inoita kuti gasi mabhubhu akure nekudonha kuti afambe mvura.Chaizvoizvo, kusiyana neiyo ultrasonic process, haina njodzi yekukuvadza nzvimbo dzesimbi.
VCN inoshandisa mabhuru emhepo kubvongodza uye kubvisa mvura mukati mepombi.Iyi inzira yekunyudza iyo inoshanda muvacuum uye inogona kushandiswa nezvose zviri mumvura-based uye solvent-based fluids.
Inoshanda panheyo imwe chete iyo mapupu anoumba apo mvura inotanga kufashaira muhari.Mabhuru ekutanga anoumba mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyanya mumapoto anoshandiswa zvakanaka.Kunyatsoongorora nzvimbo idzi kunowanzo ratidza hutsinye kana kumwe kusakwana kwepamusoro munzvimbo idzi.Imo munzvimbo idzi kuti pamusoro pepani iri kunyanya kusangana nehuwandu hwakapihwa hwemvura.Uye zvakare, sezvo nzvimbo idzi dzisiri pasi pechisikigo convective kutonhora, mabhuru emhepo anogona kuumba nyore.
Mukupisa kupisa, kupisa kunotakurwa kune mvura kuti ikwidze tembiricha yayo kusvika pakuvira kwayo.Kana kuvira kwasvika, tembiricha inomira kukwira;kuwedzera kuwedzera kupisa kunoguma muutsi, pakutanga muchimiro chemhepo inoputika.Kana yapisa nekukasira, mvura yese iri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita mhute, inozivikanwa sefirimu kufashaira.
Hezvino izvo zvinoitika paunounza hari yemvura kumota: kutanga, mabhubhu emhepo anoumba pane dzimwe nzvimbo pamusoro pehari, uye ipapo sezvo mvura inoputika uye inobvongodzwa, mvura inokurumidza kubuda kubva pamusoro.Pedyo nepamusoro imhute isingaoneki;apo mhute inotonhora kubva pakusangana nemhepo yakapoteredza, inonyunguduka kuva mhute yemvura, iyo inooneka zvakajeka sezvainoumba pamusoro pehari.
Munhu wose anoziva kuti izvi zvichaitika pa212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius), asi handizvo zvoga.Izvi zvinoitika panguva iyi tembiricha uye mwero wemuchadenga mhepo, inova 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI [1 bar]).Nemamwe mashoko, pazuva iro mhepo yemhepo pagungwa iri 14.7 psi, panofashaira mvura pagungwa i212 degrees Fahrenheit;pazuva rimwe chete mumakomo ari 5,000 tsoka munharaunda iyi, mhepo yemhepo i12.2 pounds per square inch, apo mvura inenge iine nzvimbo yekuvira ye203 degrees Fahrenheit.
Panzvimbo yekusimudza tembiricha yemvura kusvika pairi kufashaira, maitiro eVCN anodzikisira kudzvanywa mukamuri kusvika kunzvimbo yekuvira yemvura pane ambient tembiricha.Zvakafanana nekutamisa kupisa kwekupisa, kana kudzvanywa kwasvika painofashaira, tembiricha uye kudzvanywa zvinoramba zviripo.Kumanikidza uku kunonzi mhute pressure.Kana iyo yemukati yechubhu kana pombi yakazadzwa nemhepo, iyo yekunze inozadza mhute inodiwa kuchengetedza mhute yekumanikidza mukamuri.
Kunyange zvazvo kupisa kupisa kunopisa kunofananidzira musimboti weVCN, maitiro eVCN anoshanda zvinopesana nekubikira.
Sarudzo yekuchenesa maitiro.Kugadzira Bubble inzira yekusarudza yakanangana nekubvisa dzimwe nzvimbo.Kubvisa mhepo yese kunoderedza kudzvanywa kwemhepo kusvika ku0 psi, inova mhute yekumanikidza, zvichiita kuti chiutsi chiumbe pamusoro.Kukura mabhuru emhepo anobvisa mvura kubva pamusoro pechubhu kana muromo.Kana vacuum yaburitswa, kamuri inodzokera kumhepo yemhepo uye inocheneswa, mvura nyowani ichizadza chubhu kune inotevera vacuum kutenderera.Vacuum/pressure cycles anowanzo kusetwa kune 1 kusvika 3 masekonzi uye anogona kusetwa kune chero nhamba yema cycles zvichienderana nehukuru uye kusvibiswa kweworkpiece.
Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyokuti inochenesa pamusoro pepombi kutanga kubva panzvimbo yakasvibiswa.Sezvo mhute ichikura, mvura inosundirwa pamusoro pechubhu uye inokurumidza, ichiita ripple yakasimba pamadziro echubhu.Kufara kukuru kunoitika pamadziro, panokura chiutsi.Chaizvoizvo, maitiro aya anotyora muganho, kuchengetedza mvura iri padyo nepamusoro pemakemikari anogona pamusoro.Pamusoro pemuonde.2 inoratidza matanho maviri ekuita uchishandisa 0.1% aqueous surfactant mhinduro.
Kuti chiutsi chiumbe, mabhuru anofanira kuumbwa panzvimbo yakasimba.Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzira yekuchenesa inoenda kubva pamusoro kusvika kune mvura.Zvinokosha zvakaenzana, bubble nucleation inotanga netuturu tudiki tunobatana pamusoro, pakupedzisira hwogadzira tuturu twakagadzikana.Naizvozvo, nucleation inofarira matunhu ane nzvimbo yakakwirira pamusoro pehuwandu hwemvura, senge pombi uye pombi mukati madhayamita.
Nekuda kwekukombama kwepombi, chiutsi chinowanzoita mukati mepombi.Nekuda kwekuti mabhuru emhepo anoumba zviri nyore mukati medhayamita, mhute inoumbwa ipapo kutanga uye nekukasira zvakakwana kuti ibvise 70% kusvika 80% yemvura.Mvura iri pamusoro pepamusoro pechikamu chevacuum ingangoita 100% mhute, inotevedzera firimu iri kufashaira mukupisa kupisa.
Iyo nucleation process inoshanda kune yakatwasuka, yakakombama kana yakamonyoroka zvigadzirwa zvehurefu chero hupi kana gadziriso.
Tsvaga mari yakavanzika.Nzira dzemvura dzinoshandisa VCNs dzinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari.Nekuti iyo nzira inochengetedza yakanyanya kuwanda kwemakemikari nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwakasimba padhuze nepamusoro pechubhu (ona Mufananidzo 1), kuwanda kwemakemikari hakudiwi kufambisa kupararira kwemakemikari.Kukurumidza kugadzirisa uye kuchenesa zvakare kunokonzeresa kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kwemuchina wakapihwa, nekudaro kuwedzera mutengo wemidziyo.
Chekupedzisira, ese ari maviri-akavakirwa-mvura uye solvent-yakavakirwa VCN maitiro anogona kuwedzera chibereko kuburikidza nekuomesa vacuum.Izvi hazvidi chero mimwe michina, inongova chikamu chemaitiro.
Nekuda kweiyo yakavharwa kamuri dhizaini uye kupisa kuchinjika, iyo VCN system inogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana.
Iyo vacuum cycle nucleation process inoshandiswa kuchenesa tubular zvikamu zvehukuru hwakasiyana uye mashandisirwo, senge madiki-diameter zvekurapa zvishandiso (kuruboshwe) uye hombe-diameter radio waveguides (kurudyi).
Kune masisitimu-akavakirwa masisitimu, dzimwe nzira dzekuchenesa senge steam uye spray dzinogona kushandiswa kuwedzera kune VCN.Mune mamwe akasiyana maapplication, iyo ultrasound system inogona kuwedzerwa kuvandudza iyo VCN.Paunenge uchishandisa zvinonyungudutsa, chirongwa cheVCN chinotsigirwa ne-vacuum-to-vacuum (kana airless) nzira, yakatanga kupiwa patent muna 1991. Iyo nzira inoderedza kubudiswa uye kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa ku97% kana kupfuura.Maitiro aya akacherechedzwa neEnvironment Protection Agency neCalifornia District yeSouth Coast Air Quality Management nekubudirira kwayo mukudzikamisa kuratidzwa uye kushandiswa.
Solvent masisitimu anoshandisa maVCN anodhura nekuti imwe neimwe system inokwanisa vacuum distillation, ichiwedzera solvent kupora.Izvi zvinoderedza kutenga zvinonyungudutsa uye kuraswa kwemarara.Iyi nzira pachayo inowedzera hupenyu hwezvinonyungudutsa;chiyero chekuparara kwe solvent chinoderera sezvo kupisa kwekushanda kunoderera.
Aya masisitimu akakodzera mushure mekurapwa senge passivation ine acid mhinduro kana sterilization nehydrogen peroxide kana mamwe makemikari kana zvichidikanwa.Chiitiko chepamusoro chemaitiro eVCN chinoita kuti marapirwo aya akurumidze uye anodhura, uye anogona kusanganiswa mune imwecheteyo dhizaini dhizaini.
Kusvika parizvino, michina yeVCN yanga ichigadzira mapaipi madiki se 0.25 mm muhupamhi uye mapaipi ane dhayamita kusvika kumadziro ukobvu reshiyo yakakura kupfuura 1000: 1 mumunda.Muzvidzidzo zve laboratori, VCN yakanga inobudirira mukubvisa mukati memukati makoiri kusvika ku 1 mita kureba uye 0.08 mm muhupamhi;mukuita, yakakwanisa kuchenesa kuburikidza nemakomba kusvika 0.15 mm muhupamhi.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
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