310 Stainless simbi coil chubhu kemikari chikamu, Mhedzisiro Yekukanganisa Kwepamusoro muOiri-Yakaomeswa Simbi Wire pane Kuneta Hupenyu hweValve Springs muMotokari Injini.

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Simbi isina simbi 310 yakakoswa machubhu / yakakoswa tubingKuumbwa Kwemakemikariuye kuumbwa

Tafura inotevera inoratidza kuumbwa kwemakemikari egiredhi 310S simbi isina tsvina.

10 * 1mm 9.25 * 1.24 mm 310 Stainless simbi capillary coiled chubhu vatengesi

Zvinhu Zvenyama

Zvimiro zvemuviri zvegiredhi 310S simbi isina tsvina zvinoratidzwa mune inotevera tafura.

Mechanical Properties

Tafura inotevera inotaridza mashandiro egiredhi 310S Stainless simbi.

Thermal Properties

Izvo zvinopisa zvimiro zvegiredhi 310S simbi isina tsvina zvinopihwa mune inotevera tafura.

Mamwe Mazita

Mamwe mazita akaenzana negiredhi 310S simbi isina tsvina akanyorwa patafura inotevera.

Chinangwa chechidzidzo chino ndechekuongorora hupenyu hwekuneta kwechitubu chevharuvhu yeinjini yemotokari paunenge uchiisa mamicrodefects kune mafuta-akaomeswa waya ye2300 MPa giredhi (OT waya) ine hurema hwakadzama hudzamu hwe2.5 mm muhupamhi.Chekutanga, deformation yehurema hwepamusoro hwewaya yeOT panguva yekugadzirwa kwechitubu chevharuvhu yakawanikwa nekupenengura chinhu chekuongorora uchishandisa nzira dzekufananidza, uye kushushikana kwakasara kwechitubu chakapedzwa kwakayerwa uye kushandiswa kumhando yekuongorora kushushikana kwechirimo.Chechipiri, ongorora kusimba kwechitubu chevharuvhu, tarisa kune yakasara kushushikana, uye enzanisa mwero wekushushikana kwakaiswa nekusakwana kwepamusoro.Chechitatu, mhedzisiro yemamicrodefects pahupenyu hwekuneta kwechirimo yakaongororwa nekuisa kushushikana pamusoro pehurema hwakawanikwa kubva pakuongororwa kwesimba rechirimo kusvika kumaSN curves akawanikwa kubva kuflexural fatigue test panguva yekutenderera kwewaya OT.Hurema hwakadzama hwe40 µm ndiyo yazvino chiyero chekugadzirisa kuremara kwepasi pasina kukanganisa hupenyu hwekuneta.
Indasitiri yemotokari ine kudiwa kwakasimba kwezvakareruka zvemotokari zvikamu zvekuvandudza kushanda kwemafuta emotokari.Saka, kushandiswa kwesimbi yepamusoro yakasimba (AHSS) kwave kuwedzera mumakore achangopfuura.Zvitubu zvemavharuvhu einjini yemotokari zvinonyanya kuve newaya isingapise kupisa, isingapfeki uye isingaregi mafuta-akaomeswa waya dzesimbi (OT waya).
Nekuda kwesimba radzo repamusoro (1900–2100 MPa), waya dzeOT dziri kushandiswa pari zvino dzinoita kuti zvibvire kudzikisa ukuru uye kuwanda kwezvitubu zvemavharuvhu einjini, kunatsiridza kushanda kwemafuta nekuderedza kukwesha nezvikamu zvakatenderedza1.Nekuda kwezvakanakira izvi, kushandiswa kweyakakwira-voltage waya tsvimbo iri kukurumidza kuwedzera, uye yekupedzisira-yakakwirira-yakasimba waya tsvimbo ye2300MPa kirasi inooneka imwe mushure meimwe.Zvitubu zvevhavha muinjini dzemotokari zvinoda hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi nekuti dzinoshanda pasi pemitoro yakakwira cyclic.Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa izvi, vagadziri vanowanzofunga nezvehupenyu hwekuneta hwakakura kupfuura 5.5 × 107 cycles pavanenge vachigadzira zvitubu zvevharuvhu uye voisa kushushikana kwasara kune vharafu chitubu chepamusoro kuburikidza nepfuti peening uye kupisa kuderera maitiro ekuvandudza kuneta life2.
Pakave nezvidzidzo zvishoma pamusoro pehupenyu hwekuneta kwehelical springs mumotokari pasi pemamiriro ekushanda.Gzal et al.Analytical, experimental and finite element (FE) ongororo yeelliptical helical springs ine madiki helix angles pasi pe static load inoratidzwa.Ichi chidzidzo chinopa kutaura kwakajeka uye kwakapfava kwenzvimbo yekunyanya shear stress maringe neaspect ratio uye stiffness index, uye inopawo ongororo yeruzivo rwekunyanya shear stress, yakakosha parameter mumagadziro anoshanda3.Pastorcic et al.Migumisiro yekuongororwa kwekuparadzwa uye kuneta kwechitubu chehelical chakabviswa kubva mumotokari yega mushure mekukundikana mukushanda kunotsanangurwa.Kushandisa nzira dzekuyedza, chitubu chakaputsika chakaongororwa uye mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti uyu muenzaniso wekutadza kuneta kwekuora4.gomba, nezvimwewo. Mamodheru akati wandei ekudzokororwa kwechirimo ehupenyu akagadzirwa kuti aongorore kuneta hupenyu hwemotokari helical springs.Putra nevamwe.Nekuda kwekusaenzana kwepamusoro pemugwagwa, hupenyu hwebasa hwechitubu chehelical chemota chinotemwa.Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo shoma yakaitwa pamusoro pekuti hurema hwepamusoro hunoitika panguva yekugadzira hunokanganisa sei hupenyu hwemotokari coil zvitubu.
Kuremara kwepamusoro kunoitika panguva yekugadzira kunogona kutungamira kune kushushikana kwenzvimbo mumatsime evharuvhu, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya hupenyu hwavo hwekuneta.Kuremara kwepamusoro kwezvitubu zvevharuvhu kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, senge kuremara kwepamusoro pemidziyo inoshandiswa, kuremara mumaturusi, kubata kwakashata panguva inotonhora7.Kuremara kwepamusoro kweiyo mbishi yakakwirisa yakaumbwa neV nekuda kwekupisa kukunguruka uye kudhirowa kwakawanda, ukuwo hurema hunokonzerwa nechombo chekugadzira uye kubata zvisina hanya kwakaumbwa neU-ine mitsetse yakapfava8,9,10,11.Hurema hwakaumbwa neV hunokonzeresa kushushikana kwakanyanya kupfuura kukanganiswa kwakaumbwa neU, saka maitiro akaomesesa ekutonga anowanzo kushandiswa kune yekutanga zvinhu.
Zviyero zvekutonga zvirema zvepamusoro pawaya dzeOT zvinosanganisira ASTM A877/A877M-10, DIN EN 10270-2, JIS G 3561, uye KS D 3580. DIN EN 10270-2 inotsanangura kuti kudzika kwechakaipa chepasi pamadhayamita ewaya e0.5– 10 mm iri pasi pe 0.5–1% yedhayamita yewaya.Pamusoro pezvo, JIS G 3561 neKS D 3580 inoda kuti hudzamu hwehurema hwepamusoro mutsvimbo yewaya ine dhayamita ye0.5–8 mm huve pasi pe 0.5% yedhayamita yewaya.MuASTM A877/A877M-10, mugadziri uye mutengi anofanira kubvumirana pahupamhi hunobvumirwa hwehurema hwepasi.Kuyera kudzika kwechirema pamusoro petambo, waya inowanzoiswa nehydrochloric acid, uye ipapo kudzika kwechirema kunopimwa uchishandisa micrometer.Zvisinei, nzira iyi inogona chete kuyera kukanganisa mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye kwete pamusoro pepamusoro pechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.Naizvozvo, vagadziri vanoshandisa eddy ikozvino kuyedza panguva yekudhirowa kwewaya kuyera kuremara kwepamusoro muwaya inoramba ichigadzirwa;bvunzo idzi dzinogona kuyera kudzika kwehurema hwepasi pasi kusvika ku40 µm.Iyo 2300MPa giredhi simbi waya iri pasi pekuvandudzwa ine yakakwira kusimba simba uye yakaderera kureba pane iripo 1900-2200MPa giredhi simbi waya, saka vharafu chitubu chekuneta hupenyu hunoonekwa sehunotarisisa kune hurema hwepamusoro.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kuchengetedzwa kwekushandisa mazinga aripo ekudzora kudzika kwekuremara kwepasi kwesimbi waya giredhi 1900-2200 MPa kune simbi waya giredhi 2300 MPa.
Chinangwa chechidzidzo chino ndechekuongorora hupenyu hwekuneta kwevharuvhu yemotokari apo hudzamu hushoma hunoyerwa needdy yazvino yekuyedzwa (kureva 40 µm) hunoshandiswa kune 2300 MPa giredhi reOT waya (dhayamita: 2.5 mm): kukanganisa kwakanyanya kudzika .Mupiro uye maitiro echidzidzo ichi ndeaya anotevera.
Sekukanganisika kwekutanga muwaya yeOT, chirema chakaita V chakashandiswa, icho chinokanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwekuneta, munzira yakachinjika inoenderana neakisi yewaya.Funga nezvereshiyo yezviyero (α) uye kureba (β) kwechirema chepamusoro kuti uone kushanda kwekudzika kwayo (h), upamhi (w), uye kureba (l).Kuremara kwepamusoro kunoitika mukati mechirimo, uko kutadza kunoitika kutanga.
Kufanotaura kukanganiswa kwekutanga kukanganisa muOT waya panguva yekutonhora kwemhepo, sub-simulation nzira yakashandiswa, iyo yaitora nguva yekuongorora uye hukuru hwehurema hwepamusoro, sezvo hurema huri huduku zvikuru kana huchienzaniswa newaya yeOT.global model.
Iwo asara anodzvanya madhindindi muchirimo mushure mematanho maviri epfuti peening akaverengerwa neinogumira element element, mibairo yakaenzaniswa nezviyero mushure mekupfurwa peening kuti isimbise iyo analytical modhi.Pamusoro pezvo, kushushikana kwakasara muzvitubu zvevharuvhu kubva kune ese maitirwo ekugadzira akayerwa uye akaiswa pakuongororwa kwesimba rechirimo.
Kushungurudzika muhurema hwepamusoro kunofanotaurwa nekuongorora kusimba kwechirimo, tichifunga nezve deformation yehurema panguva yekutonhora kwekutenderera uye kusara kwekumanikidza kudzvinyirira muchirimo chapera.
Muedzo wekupeta kuneta wekutenderera wakaitwa pachishandiswa waya yeOT yakagadzirwa kubva kune imwecheteyo sechitubu chevharuvhu.Kuti uenzanise iyo yasara kushushikana uye kushata kwepamusoro maitiro ezvitubu zvevharuvhu kumitsara yeOT, ma SN macurves akawanikwa nekutenderera achikotama bvunzo dzekuneta mushure mekushandisa nhanho mbiri dzepfuti peening uye torsion semaitiro ekutanga.
Mhedzisiro yekuongorora kwesimba rechirimo inoshandiswa kuGoodman equation uye SN curve kufanotaura hupenyu hwekuneta kwevhavha, uye mhedzisiro yehurema hwepamusoro pahupenyu hwekuneta hunoongororwawo.
Muchidzidzo ichi, waya yegiredhi ye2300 MPa OT ine dhayamita ye2.5 mm yakashandiswa kuongorora hupenyu hwekuneta kwechitubu chevharuvhu yemotokari.Kutanga, kuyedzwa kwetambo kwewaya kwakaitwa kuti iwane modhi yayo yekutyoka kwayo.
Iwo emakanika zvivakwa zveOT waya akawanikwa kubva kune tensile bvunzo isati yapera yekuongorora chinhu cheinotonhora mhepo yemhepo uye simba rechirimo.Kushushikana-kunetsekana kwechinyorwa kwakatemwa kushandisa mhedzisiro yekutemesa bvunzo pachiyero chekuomesera che 0.001 s-1, sezvakaratidzwa mufig.1. SWONB-V waya inoshandiswa, uye simba regoho rayo, simba rekusimba, elastic modulus uye Poisson's reshiyo i2001.2MPa, 2316MPa, 206GPa uye 0.3 zvakateerana.Kutsamira kwekunetseka pakuyerera kunowanikwa sezvinotevera:
Mupunga.2 inoratidza iyo ductile fracture process.Izvo zvinhu zvinopinda elastoplastic deformation panguva ye deformation, uye zvinhu zvinodzikira kana kushushikana kuri muzvinhu kunosvika pakusimba kwayo.Zvadaro, kusika, kukura uye kushamwaridzana kwevoids mukati mezvinhu zvinotungamirira kuparadzwa kwezvinhu.
Iyo ductile fracture modhi inoshandisa kushushikana-yakagadziridzwa yakakosha deformation modhi iyo inofunga nezve mhedzisiro yekushushikana, uye post-necking fracture inoshandisa kukanganisa kuunganidza nzira.Pano, kutanga kwekukuvara kunoratidzwa senge basa rekuomerwa, kushushikana triaxiality, uye strain rate.Kushungurudzika triaxiality kunotsanangurwa sevhareji yakakosha inowanikwa nekuparadzanisa hydrostatic stress inokonzerwa nekugadziriswa kwezvinhu kusvika pakuumbwa kwemutsipa nekushungurudzika kunobudirira.Munzira yekuunganidza kukuvara, kuparadzwa kunoitika kana kukosha kwekukuvadza kwasvika 1, uye simba rinodiwa kuti risvike kukosha kwekukuvadza kwe1 rinotsanangurwa sesimba rekuparadza (Gf).Simba rekuputsika rinoenderana nenharaunda yechokwadi kushushikana-kuchinjisa curve yezvinhu kubva pamutsipa kusvika panguva yekuputsika.
Panyaya yesimbi dzakajairwa, zvichienderana nekunetsekana kwemaitiro, ductile fracture, shear fracture, kana yakasanganiswa mode fracture inoitika nekuda kwe ductility uye shear fracture, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3. Kuputsika kushungurudza uye kushushikana kwe triaxiality kwakaratidza kukosha kwakasiyana kweiyo fracture pattern.
Kukundikana kwepurasitiki kunoitika munharaunda inoenderana nekunetseka triaxiality inopfuura 1/3 (zone I), uye iyo yekutyoka strain uye kushushikana triaxiality inogona kutorwa kubva kune tensile bvunzo pazvienzaniso zvine hurema hwepasi uye notches.Munzvimbo inoenderana nekunetseka kwe triaxiality ye 0 ~ 1/3 (zone II), musanganiswa we ductile fracture uye shear kukundikana kunoitika (kureva kuburikidza ne torsion bvunzo. Munzvimbo inoenderana nekunetseka triaxiality kubva -1/3 kusvika 0 (III), kutadza kweshear kunokonzerwa nekudzvanyirirwa, uye kutsemuka kwemeno uye kunetseka triaxiality kunogona kuwanikwa nekugumbura bvunzo.
Kune OT waya dzinoshandiswa mukugadzira injini yevhavha zvitubu, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekuputsika kunokonzerwa nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekurodha panguva yekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwemamiriro.Naizvozvo, bvunzo dzekusimba uye torsion dzakaitwa kuti ishandise iyo yekutadza strain criterion, mhedzisiro yekushushikana triaxiality pane yega yega yekushushikana mode yakatariswa, uye elastoplastic finite element kuongororwa pamhando huru yakaitwa kuti ienzanise shanduko mukushushikana triaxiality.Iyo yekumanikidza modhi haina kutariswa nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwemuenzaniso kugadzirisa, kureva, dhayamita yeOT waya ingori 2.5 mm.Tafura 1 inodonongodza mamiriro ekuyedzwa ekusimba uye torsion, pamwe nekunetseka triaxiality uye fracture dhizaini, yakawanikwa uchishandisa inogumira chinhu chekuongorora.
Kutyoka kwesimbi kwezvakajairwa triaxial simbi pasi pekunetseka kunogona kufanotaurwa uchishandisa inotevera equation.
uko C1: \({\ overline{{\varepsilon}_{0}}}^{pl}\) yakachena cheka (η = 0) uye C2: \({\ overline{{\varepsilon}_{0} } }^{pl}\) Uniaxial tension (η = η0 = 1/3).
Iyo mitsetse yemaitiro ega ega yekushushikana modhi inowanikwa nekushandisa iyo yekuputsika strain kukosha C1 uye C2 mune equation.(2);C1 neC2 inowanikwa kubva kune tensile uye torsion bvunzo pamasampuli pasina hurema hwepamusoro.Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza kushushikana kwe triaxiality uye kutsemuka kwemeno kunowanikwa kubva kubvunzo uye mitsara yemaitiro akafanotaurwa neiyo equation.(2) Mutsara wemutsetse wakawanikwa kubva pakuedzwa uye hukama pakati pekunetseka triaxiality uye fracture strain inoratidza maitiro akafanana.Kuputsika kunokonzera uye kushungurudza triaxiality kune imwe neimwe yekushungurudzika mode, yakawanikwa kubva mukushandiswa kwemitsara yemaitiro, yakashandiswa senzira ye ductile fracture.
Kupwanya simba rinoshandiswa sechinhu chemidziyo kuona nguva yekupwanya mushure mehuro uye inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune tensile bvunzo.Simba rekutsemuka rinoenderana nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwekutsemuka pamusoro pechinhu, sezvo nguva yekuputsika inoenderana nekusangana kwekunetseka kwenzvimbo.Figure 5a-c inoratidza kutsemuka kwesimba remasamples asina kuremara kwepasi uye masampuli ane R0.4 kana R0.8 notches kubva kune tensile bvunzo uye inogumira chinhu chekuongorora.Simba rekutyoka rinoenderana nenzvimbo yechokwadi yekushushikana-kuchinjisa curve kubva pamutsipa kusvika pakutyoka nguva.
Simba rekutsemuka kwewaya yeOT ine hurema hwakatsetseka hwakafanotaurwa nekuita bvunzo dzekusimba pawaya yeOT ine hurema hwakadzama kupfuura 40 µm, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 5d.Zviyero gumi zvine hurema zvakashandiswa mukuyedzwa kwekusimba uye avhareji yekuputsika simba yakafungidzirwa pa29.12 mJ/mm2.
Kuremara kwepasi kwakamisikidzwa kunotsanangurwa sereshiyo yehudzamu hwehurema kusvika kudhayamita yewaya yechitubu chevharuvhu, zvisinei nekuremara kwepamusoro kwegeometry yewaya yeOT yakashandiswa mukugadzira zvitubu zvemavharuvhu emotokari.OT waya defects inogona kuiswa muchikamu zvichienderana nekutarisa, geometry, uye kureba.Kunyangwe nekudzika kwakafanana kwakadzama, nhanho yekushushikana inobata pane chakaremara chepamusoro muchirimo chinosiyana zvichienderana nejometri uye kutaridzika kwechirema, saka geometry uye kutaridzika kwechirema zvinogona kukanganisa kuneta simba.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti titarise iyo geometry uye kutaridzika kwehurema hune zvakanyanya kukanganisa hupenyu hwekuneta kwechirimo kuitira kuti ushandise maitiro akaomesesa ekugadzirisa hurema hwepasi.Nekuda kweiyo yakanaka zviyo chimiro cheOT waya, hupenyu hwayo hwekuneta hunotarisisa kucherechedzwa.Naizvozvo, chirema chinotaridza kunyanya kushushikana kunoenderana nejeometry uye kutariswa kwechirema kunofanirwa kusimbiswa sechikanganiso chekutanga uchishandisa magumo ekuongorora.Pamusoro pemuonde.6 inoratidza iyo yekupedzisira-yepamusoro simba 2300 MPa kirasi yemotokari mavharuvhu zvitubu zvakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi.
Surface defects yeOT wire yakakamurwa kuita hurema hwemukati uye hurema hwekunze zvinoenderana nechirimo axis.Nekuda kwekukotama panguva yekutonhora kukunguruka, compressive kusagadzikana uye tensile kusagadzikana kuita mukati nekunze kwechirimo, zvichiteerana.Kutyoka kunogona kukonzerwa nekuremara kwepamusoro kunoonekwa kubva kunze nekuda kwekunetsekana panguva yekutonhora.
Mukuita, chitubu chinoiswa pasi pe periodic compression uye kuzorora.Munguva yekutsikirirwa kwechirimo, waya yesimbi inomonyoroka, uye nekuda kwekusangana kwekunetsekana, shear stress mukati mechirimo yakakwira kupfuura yakatenderedza shear stress7.Naizvozvo, kana paine hurema hwepamusoro mukati mechirimo, mukana wekuputsika kwechirimo ndiwo mukuru.Nokudaro, rutivi rwekunze rwechitubu (nzvimbo iyo kukundikana kunotarisirwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwechirimo) uye rutivi rwomukati (uko kushushikana kwakanyanya mukushandiswa kwechokwadi) kunoiswa senzvimbo dzehurema hwepamusoro.
Chirema chepamusoro geometry yemitsara yeOT yakakamurwa kuita U-shape, V-shape, Y-shape, uye T-shape.Y-mhando uye T-mhando inonyanya kuvepo muhurema hwepamusoro hwezvigadzirwa, uye U-mhando uye V-mhando hurema hunoitika nekuda kwekubata zvisina hanya kwezvishandiso mukutonhora kwekukunguruka.Nezve geometry yekuremara kwepasi mumidziyo yakabikwa, U-yakaita hurema hunobva kubva kune isina-uniform mapurasitiki deformation panguva yekupisa yakatenderedzwa kuita V-yakaumbwa, Y-yakaita uye T-yakaumbwa seam defects pasi pe-multi-pass stretching8, 10.
Uye zvakare, V-yakaita, Y-yakaita uye T-yakaita kuremara nemateru akarerekera eiyo notch pamusoro achaiswa pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya panguva yekushanda kwechirimo.Zvitubu zvevhavha zvinokotama panguva yekutonhora kwekukunguruka uye kumonyoroka panguva yekushanda.Kushushikana kwakanyanya kweV-yakaita uye Y-yakaita hurema ine yakakwira kushushikana yakaenzaniswa uchishandisa inogumira chinhu chekuongorora, ABAQUS - yekutengesa finite element yekuongorora software.Ukama hwekushushikana-kunetseka kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1 uye Equation 1. (1) Kufananidza uku kunoshandisa maviri-dimensional (2D) rectangular mana-node element, uye hurefu hwechikamu chechikamu i0.01 mm.Kumuenzaniso wekuongorora, V-shaped uye Y-shaped defects nehupamhi hwe 0.5 mm uye kutsetseka kwechikanganiso che 2 ° yakashandiswa kune 2D muenzaniso wewaya ine dhayamita ye2.5 mm uye kureba kwe7.5 mm.
Pamusoro pemuonde.7a inoratidza kukotama kusungirirwa kwekushushikana pamucheto wechikanganiso chega chega kana nguva yekukotama ye1500 Nmm ichiiswa kumigumo yese yewaya imwe neimwe.Migumisiro yekuongorora inoratidza kuti kunyanya kunetseka kwe1038.7 uye 1025.8 MPa kunoitika kumusoro kweV-shaped uye Y-shaped defects, maererano.Pamusoro pemuonde.7b inoratidza kushushikana kwepfungwa kumusoro kwega ega chikanganiso chinokonzerwa nekushungurudzika.Kana rutivi rworuboshwe rwakamanikidzwa uye torque ye 1500 N∙mm inoshandiswa kurutivi rworudyi, iyo yakafanana yakanyanya kudzvinyirira ye1099 MPa inoitika pamazano eV-shaped uye Y-shaped defects.Mhedzisiro iyi inoratidza kuti V-mhando yakakanganisika inoratidzira yakanyanya kubhenda kushushikana kupfuura Y-mhando yekuremara kana iine kudzika kwakafanana uye kutsetseka kwechirema, asi ivo vanosangana neiyo torsional stress.Naizvozvo, V-yakaumbwa uye Y-yakaumbwa pamusoro pehurema hwakafanana kudzika uye kutsetseka kwechirema kunogona kuve kwakajairwa kune V-yakaumbwa neiyo yakanyanya kushushikana kunokonzerwa nekunetsekana.I-V-type defect size ratio inotsanangurwa se α = w / h uchishandisa kudzika (h) nehupamhi (w) ye-V-type uye T-type defects;saka, kukanganisa kweT-type (α ≈ 0) pane kudaro, geometry inogona kutsanangurwa nekugadzirwa kwejometri ye-V-type defect.Naizvozvo, Y-mhando uye T-mhando hurema hunogona kugadziriswa neV-mhando hurema.Kushandisa kudzika (h) uye kureba (l), kureba kwereshiyo kunotsanangurwa neimwe nzira se β = l/h.
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 811, nzira dzekukanganiswa kwepamusoro dzetambo dzeOT dzakakamurwa kuita longitudinal, transverse uye oblique directions, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 811. nzira.
Pamusoro pemuonde.9a inoratidza injini yevhavha chitubu chekushushikana kwekuongorora modhi.Semamiriro ekuongorora, chitubu chakamanikidzwa kubva pakusununguka kusununguka kwe50.5 mm kusvika kune yakaoma urefu hwe 21.8 mm, kunyanya kunetseka kwe1086 MPa kwakagadzirwa mukati megore, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 9b.Sezvo kutadza kwezvitubu zveinjini yevharuvhu kunonyanya kuitika mukati mechirimo, kuvapo kwehurema hwemukati kunotarisirwa kukanganisa zvakanyanya hupenyu hwekuneta kwechirimo.Nokudaro, kukanganisa kwepamusoro muhurefu, kutenderera uye oblique mazano anoshandiswa kune mukati mezvitubu zveinjini yevhavha uchishandisa maitiro e-sub-modeling.Tafura 2 inoratidza zviyero zvekuremara kwepasi uye kushushikana kwakanyanya munzira imwe neimwe yechikanganiso pane yakanyanya kudzvanywa kwechirimo.Izvo zvakanyanya kushushikana zvakaonekwa munzira yakachinjika, uye chiyero chezvitsigiso murefu uye oblique nzira kuenda kune inochinjika nzira yakafungidzirwa se 0.934-0.996.Chiyero chekushushikana chinogona kutsanangurwa nekungopatsanura kukosha uku nehupamhi hwepamusoro-soro kushushikana.Kunyanya kunetseka muchirimo kunoitika pamusoro pechinhu chimwe nechimwe chepamusoro, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 9s.Kushushikana ukoshi hunocherechedzwa mulongitudinal, transverse, uye oblique nzira ndeye 2045, 2085, uye 2049 MPa, zvichiteerana.Mhedzisiro yeongororo iyi inoratidza kuti kuchinjika kwepasi kuremara kune zvakanyanya kukonzeresa hupenyu hwekuneta kwezvitubu zvevharuvhu.
Chirema chakaita V, icho chinofungidzirwa kuti chinonyanya kukanganisa hupenyu hwekuneta kwechitubu chevharuvhu, chakasarudzwa sekutanga kukanganisa kwewaya yeOT, uye nzira yakachinjika yakasarudzwa segwara rekuremara.Ichi chikanganiso chinoitika kwete kunze chete, apo injini yevhavhavha yakaputsika panguva yekugadzira, asiwo mukati, umo kunyanya kunetseka kunoitika nekuda kwekunetseka kwekunetseka panguva yekushanda.Iyo yakanyanya kukanganisa kudzika kwakaiswa ku 40 µm, iyo inogona kuonekwa ne eddy ikozvino kuona kukanganisa, uye hudiki hudzika hunoiswa kune hudzamu hunoenderana ne 0.1% ye 2.5 mm waya dhayamita.Naizvozvo, kudzika kwekuremara kunobva pa2,5 kusvika ku40 µm.Kudzika, kureba, uye hupamhi hwezvikanganiso nechiyero chehurefu che 0.1 ~ 1 uye chiyero chehurefu che5 ~ 15 chakashandiswa semhando dzakasiyana, uye mhedzisiro yavo pakuneta kwesimba rechirimo yakaongororwa.Tafura 3 inoronga mamiriro ekuongorora akatemerwa uchishandisa nzira yekupindura pamusoro.
Zvitubu zveinjini yemotokari zvinogadzirwa nemhepo inotonhora, kupisa, kuputika kwepfuti uye kugadzika kwekushisa kweOT waya.Shanduko mukukanganisika kwepamusoro panguva yekugadzirwa kwechirimo kunofanirwa kuverengerwa kuongorora mhedzisiro yepakutanga kukanganiswa kwepamusoro mumawaya eOT pahupenyu hwekuneta kwezvitubu zvevharuvhu.Naizvozvo, muchikamu chino, magumo ekuongorora chinhu chinoshandiswa kufanotaura deformation yeOT waya pamusoro pehurema panguva yekugadzirwa kwechirimo chega chega.
Pamusoro pemuonde.10 inoratidza kutonhora kwemhepo.Munguva iyi, waya yeOT inodyiswa mugwara rewaya nefeed roller.Gwaro rewaya rinodyisa uye rinotsigira waya kudzivirira kukotama panguva yekuumba.Waya inopfuura nemugwara rewaya inopetwa netsvimbo yekutanga neyechipiri kuita chitubu checoil chine dhayamita inodiwa mukati.Mutambo wechirimo unogadzirwa nekufambisa danho rekutsika mushure mekumukira kumwe.
Pamusoro pemuonde.11a inoratidza inogumira chinhu modhi inoshandiswa kuongorora shanduko mujometri yehurema hwepasi panguva yekutonhora kukunguruka.Kuumbwa kwewaya kunonyanya kupedzwa nepini inoputika.Sezvo iyo oxide layer iri pamusoro pewaya ichiita semafuta, iyo friction mhedzisiro ye feed roller haina basa.Naizvozvo, mumuenzaniso wekuverenga, roller yekudyisa uye gwara rewaya zvinorerutswa sebushing.Iyo coefficient yekukwesha pakati peOT waya uye yekugadzira chishandiso yakaiswa ku 0.05.Iyo 2D yakasimba ndege yemuviri uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa anoshandiswa kumucheto wekuruboshwe wemutsara kuitira kuti ugone kudyiswa munzira yeX nekumhanya kwakafanana neyekudyisa roller (0.6 m / s).Pamusoro pemuonde.11b inoratidza sub-simulation nzira inoshandiswa kuisa zvirema zvidiki kune waya.Kuti titarise hukuru hwehurema hwepamusoro, submodel inoshandiswa kaviri kune kuremara kwepamusoro nehupamhi hwe20 µm kana kupfuura uye katatu kune hurema hwepamusoro hukadzika husingasviki 20 µm.Kuremara kwepamusoro kunoiswa kunzvimbo dzakaumbwa nematanho akaenzana.Mumuenzaniso wakazara wechirimo, kureba kwechidimbu chakarurama chetambo ndeye 100 mm.Kune yekutanga submodel, shandisa submodel 1 ine kureba kwe3mm kune longitudinal chinzvimbo che75mm kubva kune yepasi rose modhi.Iyi yekuenzanisa yakashandisa matatu-dimensional (3D) hexagonal sere-node element.Mumuenzaniso wepasi rose uye submodel 1, hurefu hweparutivi rwechimwe nechimwe chinhu 0.5 uye 0.2 mm, zvichiteerana.Mushure mekuongorora kwe-sub-model 1, kukanganisa kwepamusoro kunoshandiswa kune-sub-model 2, uye kureba uye upamhi hwe-sub-model 2 inguva 3 kureba kwekuremara kwepamusoro kubvisa simba remamiriro emuganhu we-sub-model, mu kuwedzera, 50% yehurefu nehupamhi inoshandiswa sekudzika kweiyo sub-model.Mu-sub-model 2, hurefu hweparutivi rwechimwe nechimwe chinhu 0.005 mm.Humwe hurema hwepamusoro hwakaiswa kune inogumira chinhu chekuongorora sezvakaratidzwa muTable 3.
Pamusoro pemuonde.12 inoratidza kugoverwa kwekushushikana mukuputika kwepamusoro mushure mekushanda kunotonhora kwecoil.Iyo general modhi uye submodel 1 inoratidza kunenge kwakafanana kushushikana kwe1076 uye 1079 MPa munzvimbo imwechete, iyo inosimbisa kurongeka kweiyo submodeling nzira.Kushushikana kwekushushikana kwenzvimbo kunoitika pamucheto weiyo submodel.Sezviri pachena, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemiganhu yemuganhu we submodel.Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekushushikana, sub-modhi 2 ine yakashandiswa pamusoro pekuremara inoratidza kushushikana kwe2449 MPa pamucheto wechikanganiso panguva yechando.Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 3, kukanganisa kwepamusoro kwakaonekwa nenzira yekupindura kwepamusoro kwakashandiswa mukati mechirimo.Mhedzisiro yeinogumira chekuongorora yakaratidza kuti hapana pagumi nenhatu makesi ehurema hwepamusoro akatadza.
Munguva yekufambisa kwemhepo mune zvese zvetekinoroji maitiro, kudzika kwekuremara kwepasi mukati mechirimo kwakawedzera ne 0.1-2.62 µm (Fig. 13a), uye hupamhi hwakaderera ne 1.8-35.79 µm (Fig. 13b), nepo kureba kwakawedzera ne0.72 -34.47 µm (Mufananidzo 13c).Sezvo chirema chakachinjika chakaita V chakavharika muhupamhi nekukotama panguva yekutonhora kwekukunguruka, chinokanganiswa kuita chirema chakaita V chine mutsetse wakakwira kupfuura chirema chekutanga.
Deformation muKudzika, Kufara uye Kureba kweOT Wire Surface Defects muKugadzira Maitiro.
Isa hurema hwepamusoro kune kunze kwechirimo uye fungidzira mukana wekuputsika panguva yekutonhora kukunguruka uchishandisa Finite Element Analysis.Pasi pemamiriro akanyorwa muTable.3, hapana mukana wekuparadzwa kwekuremara kwekunze kwekunze.Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana kuparadzwa kwakaitika pakadzika kwehurema hwepamusoro kubva pa2.5 kusvika ku40 µm.
Kufanotaura kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwepamusoro, kuputsika kwekunze panguva yekutonhora kwakaongororwa nekuwedzera hurema kubva pa40 µm kusvika ku5 µm.Pamusoro pemuonde.14 inoratidza kutyoka pamwe nekuremara kwepamusoro.Kutyoka kunoitika pasi pemamiriro ekudzika (55 µm), hupamhi (2 µm), uye kureba (733 µm).Hudzamu hwakakosha hwekuremara kwepasi kunze kwechitubu kwakave 55 μm.
Iyo yekupfurwa peening process inodzvanyirira crack kukura uye inowedzera kuneta hupenyu nekugadzira yakasara yekumanikidza kushushikana pane imwe kudzika kubva muchirimo;zvisinei, inokonzera kushushikana kwepfungwa nekuwedzera kuoma kwepamusoro kwechirimo, nokudaro kuderedza kuneta kuramba kwechirimo.Naizvozvo, tekinoroji yekupfura yechipiri inoshandiswa kugadzira zvitubu zvesimba zvakakwirira kutsiva kudzikiswa kwehupenyu hwekuneta kunokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekukasharara kwepamusoro kunokonzerwa nekupfurwa.Matanho maviri-kupfurwa kudongorera kunogona kuvandudza kukwasharara kwepasi, kunyanyisa kudzvanya kusarira kushushikana, uye pamusoro pekumanikidza kwasara kushushikana nekuti pfuti yechipiri kudongorera kunoitwa mushure mekupfurwa kwekutanga peening12,13,14.
Pamusoro pemuonde.15 inoratidza yekuongorora modhi yepfuti kuputika maitiro.Elastic-plastiki modhi yakagadzirwa umo mabhora makumi maviri neshanu akadonhedzwa munzvimbo yakanangwa yenzvimbo yeOT mutsara wekuputika.Mumuenzaniso wekuongorora kuputika kwepfuti, kuremara kwepamusoro kwewaya yeOT yakaremara panguva yekutonhora kwemhepo kwakashandiswa sehurema hwekutanga.Kubviswa kwekushushikana kwasara kunobva mukutonhora kwekukunguruka nekudzikamisa pamberi pepfuti yekuputika maitiro.Zvinhu zvinotevera zvekupfura sphere zvakashandiswa: density (ρ): 7800 kg/m3, elastic modulus (E) – 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio (υ): 0.3.Iyo coefficient yekupokana pakati pebhora uye zvinhu yakaiswa ku 0.1.Mapfuti ane dhayamita ye 0.6 uye 0.3 mm akadzingwa pamwero wakafanana we 30 m/s panguva yekutanga neyechipiri yekufoira.Mushure mekupfurwa kwepfuti nzira (pakati pemamwe maitiro ekugadzira anoratidzwa muMufananidzo 13), kudzika, upamhi, uye kureba kwehurema hwepamusoro mukati mechirimo kubva -6.79 kusvika 0.28 µm, -4.24 kusvika 1.22 µm, uye -2 .59 kusvika 1.69 µm, zvichiteerana µm.Pamusana pekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki yepurojekiti yakabudiswa perpendicular pamusoro pezvinhu, kudzika kwechikanganiso kunoderera, kunyanya, hupamhi hwekuremara hunoderedzwa zvakanyanya.Sezviri pachena, chirema chakavharwa nekuda kwepurasitiki deformation yakakonzerwa nepfuti peening.
Munguva yekupisa kupisa maitiro, mhedzisiro yekutonhora shrinkage uye yakaderera tembiricha annealing inogona kuita pane injini valve chitubu panguva imwe chete.Nzvimbo inotonhora inokwidziridza tension yechirimo nekuitsikirira kusvika padanho repamusoro-soro patembiricha yemumba.Muchiitiko ichi, kana injini vharafu chitubu akatakura pamusoro goho simba zvinhu, injini vharafu chitubu plastically deforms, kuwedzera goho simba.Mushure mekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki, chitubu chevharuvhu chinoshanduka, asi kuwedzera kwesimba regoho rinopa kusimba kwechitubu chevharuvhu mukushanda chaiko.Low tembiricha annealing inonatsiridza kupisa uye deformation kuramba kwevharuvhu zvitubu zvinoshanda pakupisa kwepamusoro2.
Kuremara kwepamusoro kwakakanganiswa panguva yekuputika kwepfuti mukuongororwa kweFE uye nzvimbo yakasara yekushungurudzika yakayerwa ne-X-ray diffraction (XRD) zvishandiso zvakashandiswa kune sub-model 2 (Fig. 8) kuti iite kuchinja kwehurema panguva yekupisa kupisa.Chitubu chakagadzirwa kuti chishande mu elastic range uye chakatsikirirwa kubva paurefu hwayo hwemahara hwe50.5 mm kusvika kuhurefu hwayo hwakasimba hwe21.8 mm ndokuzotenderwa kudzoka pahurefu hwayo hwekutanga hwe50.5 mm semamiriro ekuongorora.Munguva yekupisa kwekupisa, geometry yekuremara inoshanduka zvishoma.Sezviri pachena, iyo yakasara compressive stress ye800 MPa uye pamusoro, yakagadzirwa nepfuti kuputika, inodzvinyirira deformation yehurema hwepasi.Mushure mekupisa kupisa (Fig. 13), kudzika, hupamhi, uye kureba kwekuremara kwepamusoro kwakasiyana kubva -0.13 kusvika 0.08 µm, kubva -0.75 kusvika 0 µm, uye kubva 0.01 kusvika 2.4 µm, maererano.
Pamusoro pemuonde.16 inofananidza kukanganiswa kweU-yakaita uye V-yakaita kuremara kwehudzamu hwakafanana (40 µm), hupamhi (22 µm) uye kureba (600 µm).Shanduko yehupamhi hweU-yakaita uye V-yakaita kuremara kwakakura kupfuura shanduko yehurefu, iyo inokonzerwa nekuvhara muhupamhi kutungamira panguva yekutonhora kukungurutsa uye kupfura kuputika maitiro.Zvichienzaniswa neurema hwakaumbwa neU, hurema hwakaumbwa neV hwakaumbwa pakadzika dzika uye nemateru akatenuka, zvichiratidza kuti nzira inochengetedza inogona kutorwa kana uchishandisa V-yakaumbwa.
Ichi chikamu chinokurukura kukanganiswa kwekutanga kukanganisa mumutsetse weOT kune yega yega valve spring kugadzira maitiro.Iyo yekutanga OT wire defect inoshandiswa mukati mevharuvhu chitubu uko kukundikana kunotarisirwa nekuda kwekunetseka kwakanyanya panguva yekushanda kwechirimo.Iyo yakachinjika V-yakaita pamusoro pehurema hweiyo OT waya yakawedzera zvishoma mukudzika uye kureba uye yakadzikira zvakanyanya muhupamhi nekuda kwekukotama panguva yekutonhora kwemhepo.Kuvhara muhupamhi hwegwara kunoitika panguva yepfuti yekupenengura ine zvishoma kana kusaonekwa kuremara kunoonekwa panguva yekupedzisira kupisa.Mukuita kutonhora kukunguruka uye kupfurwa kudongorera, pane yakakura deformation muhupamhi kutungamira nekuda kwepurasitiki deformation.Iyo V-yakaita chakaremara mukati mevharuvhu chitubu chinoshandurwa kuita T-yakaita chirema nekuda kwekuvharika kwehupamhi panguva yekutonhora kukunguruka.